Bénassi V, Veuille M
Institut d'Ecologie, Université Paris VI, France.
Genet Res. 1995 Apr;65(2):95-103. doi: 10.1017/s0016672300033115.
Restriction enzyme molecular variation in Drosophila melanogaster Adh was compared between three natural populations from Europe, West Africa and East Africa. The frequency distribution of silent variation in the slow allele was compatible with the neutral model in all three samples. The number of haplotypes in East Africa was significantly higher than in the other two populations. The largest divergence, as measured by Fst, was between the East African population and a group made up from the West African, the European, and previously studied American populations. We suggest that a split first occurred within African populations at least 44000 years ago. European populations separated from West Africa more recently, between the last glacial maximum and the post-glacial optimum, 18,000 to 8,000 years ago. We suggest that this species was domesticated recently relative to human evolution, possibly with the advent of agriculture. Population differentiation with respect to the two allozymes, fast and slow, does not follow the geographical pattern of silent variation. It opposes European to both African populations, and probably results from selection for adaptation to alcohol in recent temperate populations.
我们比较了来自欧洲、西非和东非的三个自然果蝇种群中黑腹果蝇乙醇脱氢酶（Adh）的限制性酶切分子变异情况。在所有三个样本中，慢等位基因沉默变异的频率分布都与中性模型相符。东非的单倍型数量显著高于其他两个种群。通过Fst测量，最大的分化出现在东非种群与由西非、欧洲以及之前研究过的美洲种群组成的群体之间。我们认为，至少在44000年前非洲种群内部首先出现了分化。欧洲种群与西非的分离时间更近，是在末次盛冰期和冰后期适宜期之间，即18000至8000年前。我们认为，相对于人类进化而言，该物种是最近才被驯化的，可能是随着农业的出现。关于快速和慢速这两种同工酶的种群分化并不遵循沉默变异的地理模式。它使欧洲种群与两个非洲种群相对立，可能是近期温带种群中对酒精适应选择的结果。
