Muscle respiration in rats is influenced by the type and level of dietary fat.

Experiments were conducted to elucidate the role of muscle in the enhanced thermogenic response found in rats fed diets enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids. Isolated soleus muscle respiration and plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were determined in rats (approximately 128 g wt, 5 wk age) fed diets (minimum 3 wk) containing coconut oil, beef tallow or safflower oil at 20, 40 or 60% of the total dietary energy in a 3 x 3 factorial design (5-6 rats per treatment). Diet type did not affect plasma cholesterol concentrations but plasma triglycerides were lower (P < 0.01) in rats fed safflower oil-based diets. Greater levels of fat in the diet resulted in higher (P < 0.01) plasma cholesterol concentrations and lower (P < 0.01) plasma triglyceride concentrations. Rats fed coconut oil had lower (P < 0.05) rats of soleus muscle respiration compared with rats fed the other two diets. This lower respiration rate was not related to changes in protein synthesis (cycloheximide-sensitive respiration). However, this change may partially be related to enhanced Na+,K+ transport (ouabain-sensitive respiration). The results indicate that muscle is partially responsible for the enhanced thermogenic response found in rats fed diets enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids and that enhanced ion transport contributes to this response in muscle.