Cobrin M, Koski K G
School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
J Nutr. 1995 Jun;125(6):1617-27. doi: 10.1093/jn/125.6.1617.
To determine whether acute bouts of exercise during pregnancy would predispose the fetus to increased risk if maternal dietary carbohydrate were restricted, untrained pregnant rats were randomly assigned to a 0% (low), 12% (moderate) or 60% (high) glucose diet, and either rested or exercised daily for 20 min from d 16 to term on a rodent treadmill at a mild (15.5 m/min) or moderate (24.3 m/min) intensity. A 3 x 3 nested factorial model with and without food intake as a covariate was employed. Both greater exercise intensity and the lower levels of dietary carbohydrate independently decreased term maternal liver and plantaris glycogen concentrations and increased plasma lactate concentrations. However, significant differences due to exercise disappeared (except for plasma lactate) with food intake controlled for in the model, indicating that energy deficits modulated these exercise effects. In contrast, for the offspring, when food intake was controlled for, a restricted level of maternal dietary carbohydrate significantly lowered fetal weight, plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and liver glycogen concentrations measured at term. Exercise alone did not reduce mean fetal weight if nested weights within a litter were used in the statistical analysis. Mild to moderate maternal exercise lowered only fetal plasma glucose concentrations and only if maternal food intake was not controlled for. These results indicate that acute exercise during pregnancy can have detrimental effects on fetal development only if dietary glucose is severely restricted. Otherwise, adequate glucose and energy in the maternal diet in untrained pregnant rats during repeated bouts of acute exercise seem to protect the fetus.
为了确定孕期急性运动是否会在母体膳食碳水化合物受限的情况下使胎儿面临更高风险，将未经训练的怀孕大鼠随机分为三组，分别给予0%（低）、12%（中）或60%（高）葡萄糖饮食，并从妊娠第16天至足月每天在啮齿动物跑步机上以轻度（15.5米/分钟）或中度（24.3米/分钟）强度休息或运动20分钟。采用了一个3×3嵌套析因模型，将食物摄入量作为协变量纳入或不纳入。运动强度增加和膳食碳水化合物水平降低均独立降低了足月时母体肝脏和跖肌糖原浓度，并增加了血浆乳酸浓度。然而，在模型中控制食物摄入量后，运动引起的显著差异消失了（血浆乳酸除外），这表明能量不足调节了这些运动效应。相比之下，对于后代，在控制食物摄入量后，母体膳食碳水化合物受限显著降低了足月时测量的胎儿体重、血浆葡萄糖和胰岛素浓度以及肝脏糖原浓度。如果在统计分析中使用同一窝内的嵌套权重，单独运动并不会降低平均胎儿体重。轻度至中度的母体运动仅在未控制母体食物摄入量时才会降低胎儿血浆葡萄糖浓度。这些结果表明，只有在膳食葡萄糖严重受限的情况下，孕期急性运动才会对胎儿发育产生有害影响。否则，在未经训练的怀孕大鼠进行多次急性运动期间，母体饮食中充足的葡萄糖和能量似乎可以保护胎儿。
