Rimpelä A H, Savonius B, Rimpelä M K, Haahtela T
Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki.
Scand J Soc Med. 1995 Mar;23(1):60-5. doi: 10.1177/140349489502300111.
To study whether asthma and allergic rhinitis had increased from 1977 to 1991 and if so, in which subpopulations; to study if structural changes of the society or change in the genetic susceptibility of the population could explain the increase.
Cross-sectional surveys with mailed questionnaires in 1977, 1979 and 1991, data from 1977 and 1979 combined; national mortality statistics.
Finland.
A nationwide sample of 12-, 14-, 16- and 18- year-olds. Sample sizes were 4335 and 3059, response rates 88% and 77%. Mortality statistics from 1958 to 1990.
Point prevalence rate (%) of self-reported, physician-diagnosed asthma and allergic rhinitis, susceptibility of the population measured by probability of respiratory death.
Prevalence of asthma was 1.0% in 1977-1979 and 2.8% in 1991, that of allergic rhinitis 5.0% and 14.9%. Logistic regression analysis showed that the increase did not differ in socio-demographic subgroups or parents' smoking groups and that changes in the distribution of socio-demographic variables did not explain the difference either. Respiratory deaths in ages 0-4 were fewer in the birth cohorts measured in 1991.
Physician-diagnosed asthma and allergic rhinitis increased three-fold among Finnish adolescents in 1977-1991. Factors which explain the increase affected all subgroups similarly. Such factors could be changes in diagnostic practices and indoor air quality. Increased susceptibility could explain only a small part. It is likely that a major part of this considerable increase is real.
研究1977年至1991年间哮喘和过敏性鼻炎的发病率是否上升，若上升，哪些亚人群发病率上升；研究社会结构变化或人群遗传易感性变化能否解释发病率上升的原因。
1977年、1979年和1991年通过邮寄问卷进行横断面调查，将1977年和1979年的数据合并；国家死亡率统计数据。
芬兰。
全国范围内12岁、14岁、16岁和18岁青少年样本。样本量分别为4335和3059，应答率分别为88%和77%。1958年至1990年的死亡率统计数据。
自我报告的、经医生诊断的哮喘和过敏性鼻炎的时点患病率（%），用呼吸死亡概率衡量人群的易感性。
1977 - 1979年哮喘患病率为1.0%，1991年为2.8%；过敏性鼻炎患病率分别为5.0%和14.9%。逻辑回归分析表明，社会人口统计学亚组或父母吸烟组中发病率的上升没有差异，社会人口统计学变量分布的变化也不能解释这种差异。1991年测量的出生队列中0 - 4岁的呼吸死亡人数较少。
1977 - 1991年间，芬兰青少年中经医生诊断的哮喘和过敏性鼻炎发病率增加了两倍。解释发病率上升的因素对所有亚组的影响相似。这些因素可能是诊断方法的改变和室内空气质量的变化。易感性增加只能解释一小部分原因。这种显著上升很可能大部分是真实的。
