Huurre Taina M, Aro Hillevi M, Jaakkola Jouni J K
Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
J Asthma. 2004;41(3):311-7. doi: 10.1081/jas-120026088.
Only limited data are available about the incidence of asthma and allergic rhinitis based on prospective longitudinal studies throughout childhood into adult life. The main purpose of the study was to estimate the incidence rate of asthma and allergic rhinitis from birth to early adulthood. We also estimated the prevalences of these diseases at 16, 22, and 32 years of age. The data were drawn from a follow-up survey of a Finnish urban age cohort (1967 birth cohort, N = 2269) from age 16 to age 32 years. All data were based on self-report. The prevalence of asthma from age 16 to age 32 years changed from 3.0% to 5.0% (males from 3.3% to 4.9%; females from 2.7% to 5.1%); and that of allergic rhinitis from 17.5% to 26.0% (males from 18.7% to 27.8%; females 16.2% to 24.5%), respectively. The overall incidence rate of asthma was approximately 2.1 new cases per 1000 person-years (95% CI = 1.6-2.8). There was a tendency for boys to have a higher incidence rate of asthma than girls in childhood before 16 years of age: gender difference was reversed from period 17 to 22 years of age. In early adulthood (23-32 years), incidence rates were equal in both sexes. The incidence rate for allergic rhinitis in males was 13.4 per 1000 person-years (95% CI- 11.8-14.8), slightly greater than in females, 11.4 (95% CI = 10.1-12.8). Among both genders, the highest incidence rate of allergic rhinitis was between 17 and 22 years. Our study adds to the limited knowledge on the incidence rates of asthma and allergic rhinitis.
基于从儿童期到成年期的前瞻性纵向研究，关于哮喘和过敏性鼻炎发病率的可用数据有限。本研究的主要目的是估计从出生到成年早期哮喘和过敏性鼻炎的发病率。我们还估计了这些疾病在16岁、22岁和32岁时的患病率。数据来自对芬兰一个城市年龄队列（1967年出生队列，N = 2269）从16岁到32岁的随访调查。所有数据均基于自我报告。从16岁到32岁，哮喘的患病率从3.0%变为5.0%（男性从3.3%变为4.9%；女性从2.7%变为5.1%）；过敏性鼻炎的患病率分别从17.5%变为26.0%（男性从18.7%变为27.8%；女性从16.2%变为24.5%）。哮喘的总体发病率约为每1000人年2.1例新病例（95%置信区间 = 1.6 - 2.8）。在16岁之前的儿童期，男孩患哮喘的发病率往往高于女孩：在17至22岁期间性别差异发生逆转。在成年早期（23 - 32岁），两性的发病率相等。男性过敏性鼻炎的发病率为每1000人年13.4例（95%置信区间 - 11.8 - 14.8），略高于女性的11.4例（95%置信区间 = 10.1 - 12.8）。在两性中，过敏性鼻炎的最高发病率在17至22岁之间。我们的研究增加了关于哮喘和过敏性鼻炎发病率的有限知识。
