Frost P, Breddam E, Bendsen J, Carlsen H B, Trykker H U
Arbejdsmedicinsk klinik, Arhus Kommunehospital.
Ugeskr Laeger. 1995 May 15;157(20):2856-60.
Data previously collected by the Danish Institute of Clinical Epidemiology (DICE) in 1986/87 by a structured interview of a sample of the adult Danish population was analysed to evaluate sick leave among 1) persons with preschool children, 2) persons with either physically demanding work or with exposure to chemicals, and 3) persons with mentally demanding employment. Average absence from work in the year previous to the interview was increased in unmarried women with preschool children (9.8 days). Average absence from work increased in a stepwise fashion from 4.7 to 18.7 days with increasing physical work loads, and from 5.6 to 10.1 days with increasing exposure to chemicals. In the group with mentally demanding work, the increased was from 6.3 to 20.0 days up to a load level of five. Risk of long lasting (above 10 days) sick leave was increased among the 52.9% of persons in the study base who either had physically demanding work or who were exposed to chemicals, prevalence rate 1.91 (1.56-2.35, 95% CI), as well as among the 20.9% of persons in the study base with mentally demanding work, prevalence rate 1.68 (1.38-2.05, 95% CI). Logistic regression analysis revealed statistically significant odds ratios also when age, tobacco smoking, marital status, chronic disease and overlap between the risk groups were taken into consideration.
丹麦临床流行病学研究所（DICE）于1986/87年通过对丹麦成年人群样本进行结构化访谈收集的数据，被用于分析以下三类人群的病假情况：1）有学龄前儿童的人；2）从事体力要求高的工作或接触化学品的人；3）从事脑力要求高的工作的人。在接受访谈前一年，有学龄前儿童的未婚女性平均缺勤天数增加（9.8天）。随着体力工作负荷增加，平均缺勤天数从4.7天逐步增加到18.7天；随着化学品接触增加，平均缺勤天数从5.6天增加到10.1天。在从事脑力要求高的工作的人群中，在负荷水平达到五级之前，平均缺勤天数从6.3天增加到20.0天。在研究对象中，从事体力要求高的工作或接触化学品的人群占52.9%，其长期（超过10天）病假风险增加，患病率为1.91（1.56 - 2.35，95%置信区间）；从事脑力要求高的工作的人群占20.9%，其长期病假风险也增加，患病率为1.68（1.38 - 2.05，95%置信区间）。逻辑回归分析显示，在考虑年龄、吸烟、婚姻状况、慢性病以及风险组之间的重叠情况时，优势比也具有统计学意义。
