McDonough P A, Badley E M, Tennant A
Arthritis Community Research and Evaluation Unit, Wellesley Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
Disabil Rehabil. 1995 Apr-Jun;17(3-4):159-68. doi: 10.3109/09638289509166711.
Research on disablement highlights a wide variability in the impact of disabling conditions on individuals' lives. However, in most of this work, the relationships between impairment/disability and features of individuals' social and physical environments are not specified conceptually. Recent conceptual work in the context of the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH) suggests that the impact of impairment/disability on individuals' lives is contingent on levels of resources and other aspects of social context. The research question addressed in this paper is whether selected social factors affect the impact of impairment/disability on mobility handicap, defined as 'the individual's ability to move about effectively in his/her surroundings'. Two types of social factors are considered: resources such as help from others or having a car available; and social role obligations such as having a job or visiting relatives. Data are derived from a 1986 probability sample of 570 individuals with disabilities living in communities in Calderdale, Yorkshire, England. Multiple-regression models indicate that the impact of walking disability on mobility handicap was reduced by availability of a car in the household and school or job obligations. Other impairments/disabilities, resources and social role demands examined did not act on mobility outcomes in this manner. Implications for conceptualizing and testing relationships between impairment, disability, handicap and social and physical environments are discussed. A critical task for future research is the investigation of personal and social resources and barriers that may moderate the impact of disability on individuals' lives.
关于残疾的研究凸显了致残状况对个人生活影响的广泛差异。然而，在大部分此类研究中，损伤/残疾与个人社会和物理环境特征之间的关系在概念上并未明确。近期在《国际损伤、残疾和残障分类》（ICIDH）背景下开展的概念性研究表明，损伤/残疾对个人生活的影响取决于资源水平和社会背景的其他方面。本文探讨的研究问题是，特定的社会因素是否会影响损伤/残疾对行动障碍的影响，行动障碍被定义为“个体在其周围环境中有效行动的能力”。研究考虑了两类社会因素：一类是资源，如他人的帮助或拥有汽车；另一类是社会角色义务，如拥有工作或探访亲属。数据来源于1986年对居住在英国约克郡卡尔德代尔社区的570名残疾个体的概率抽样。多元回归模型表明，家庭中拥有汽车以及学校或工作义务减轻了行走障碍对行动障碍的影响。所考察的其他损伤/残疾、资源和社会角色需求并未以这种方式对行动结果产生作用。文中讨论了对损伤、残疾、残障与社会和物理环境之间关系进行概念化和检验的意义。未来研究的一项关键任务是调查可能会缓和残疾对个人生活影响的个人和社会资源及障碍。
