Sugenoya A, Asanuma K, Hama Y, Masuda H, Skidanenko G S, Anatoliebna A T, Koike K, Komiyama A, Iida F
Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
Thyroid. 1995 Feb;5(1):29-33. doi: 10.1089/thy.1995.5.29.
Gradual increases of various radiation-related diseases including thyroid cancer following the Chernobyl accident have been recently reported. We have carried out systematic thyroid surveys in school children aged 10-15 years in the highly contaminated area and compared the results with a similar survey in a nonaffected neighboring area as a control. Systematic examinations of the thyroid gland were performed in 888 schoolchildren (408 males and 480 females) in the districts of Chechelsk city with 5 to over 40 Ci/km2 of radiation level for 137Cs. In the control area (Bobruisk city), 521 children with the same age range (229 males and 292 females) were examined. Thyroid surveys were carried out as follows: palpation, ultrasonography, blood examinations of thyroid function, and measurements of daily urinary excretion of iodine. Certain thyroid abnormalities were observed in the high radioactive fallout area more frequently than in the control region. In particular, the prevalence of multiple micronodular lesions in diffuse goiter in the contaminated area was significantly higher than in the control area. However, endemic goiter due to iodine deficiency was present in both districts. The environment factor of iodine deficiency might have resulted in the early occurrence of ultrasonographic thyroid abnormalities attributed to radioactive contamination.
近期有报道称，切尔诺贝利事故后包括甲状腺癌在内的各种与辐射相关疾病呈逐渐上升趋势。我们对高污染地区10至15岁的在校儿童进行了系统性甲状腺调查，并将结果与邻近未受影响地区的类似调查结果作为对照进行比较。对切尔切尔斯克市辐射水平为5至超过40居里/平方公里的137铯地区的888名在校儿童（408名男性和480名女性）进行了甲状腺系统检查。在对照地区（博布鲁伊斯克市），检查了521名相同年龄范围的儿童（229名男性和292名女性）。甲状腺调查按以下方式进行：触诊、超声检查、甲状腺功能血液检查以及每日尿碘排泄量测量。在高放射性沉降物地区观察到的某些甲状腺异常情况比对照地区更为频繁。特别是，污染地区弥漫性甲状腺肿中多发微小结节性病变的患病率显著高于对照地区。然而，两个地区均存在因碘缺乏导致的地方性甲状腺肿。碘缺乏的环境因素可能导致了归因于放射性污染的甲状腺超声异常情况提前出现。
