López A
Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research, Munich, Germany.
Mem Cognit. 1995 May;23(3):374-82. doi: 10.3758/bf03197238.
According to the diversity principle of scientific reasoning, hypotheses receive greater confirmation when they are supported by diverse rather than similar sets of data. This article examines whether people reason like intuitive scientists by conforming to the diversity principle in the testing of arguments. The results of two experiments demonstrate that people do indeed conform to the diversity principle by choosing a set of diverse rather than similar premises to test the conclusion of an argument. These findings are discussed in terms of the different reasoning processes involved in argument evaluation, argument testing, and rule discovery.
根据科学推理的多样性原则，当假设得到不同而非相似数据集的支持时，它们会得到更大程度的证实。本文探讨了人们在论证检验中是否像直觉科学家一样遵循多样性原则进行推理。两项实验的结果表明，人们确实通过选择一组不同而非相似的前提来检验论证的结论，从而遵循了多样性原则。本文从论证评估、论证检验和规则发现中涉及的不同推理过程的角度对这些发现进行了讨论。
