Granella M, Ballarin C, Nardini B, Marchioro M, Clonfero E
Institute of Occupational health, University of Padova, Italy.
Mutat Res. 1995 Jun;343(2-3):145-50. doi: 10.1016/0165-1218(95)90080-2.
Mutagenic activity on the Ames test was evaluated in 15 samples of naphthenic high-viscosity mineral oils and 12 samples of used lubricants (recovered and pooled) and their recycled products. Bacterial mutagenesis was assayed using both the standard technique and Blackburn's modification. The contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) was also evaluated, as polynuclear aromatic fraction (PAF) and total PAH, determined respectively with the semi-quantitative dimethylsulphoxide-refractive index method and the Grimmer method. Only four samples (three acid-treated naphthenic oils and one recycled fraction of a used oil) showed mutagenic activity higher than 6 revertants/mg of oil, considered by Blackburn and coworkers as indicating a potential carcinogenic risk for these compounds. Limited mutagenicity was found in all used and recycled oils, but also in samples of acid- or solvent-treated oils. No hydrogen-treated naphthenic oils turned out to have any mutagenic activity. PAF contents of oils were closely correlated with those of total PAH (n = 15, r = 0.83; n = 12, r = 0.91; p < 0.01 for both naphthenic and used/recycled oils respectively). No recycled oil had high PAF contents. Eleven samples had PAF contents higher than 3%, the arbitrary danger threshold suggested by the CONCAWE (1988). Of these 11 samples, the majority were acid-treated products, although there was one hydrogen-treated oil and one used and recycled oil. No mutagenic activity could be demonstrated in almost half the oils with PAF > 3%. In this study, the presence of mutagens was not correlated wither with PAF or with total or mutagenic PAH. The difficulty of predicting the mutagenicity of mineral oils is stressed. Most naphthenic and some recycled oils clearly have components which inhibit the metabolizing system in the bacterial mutagenesis test, with consequent possible false negative results.
对15份环烷高粘度矿物油样品、12份废旧润滑剂样品（回收并集中）及其再生产品进行了Ames试验中的致突变活性评估。采用标准技术和布莱克本改良法检测细菌诱变情况。还评估了多环芳烃（PAH）的含量，分别用半定量二甲基亚砜 - 折射率法和格林默法测定多核芳烃馏分（PAF）和总PAH。只有4个样品（3份酸处理环烷油和1份废旧油的再生馏分）显示出高于6个回复突变体/毫克油的致突变活性，布莱克本及其同事认为这表明这些化合物存在潜在致癌风险。在所有废旧和再生油中都发现了有限的致突变性，在酸处理或溶剂处理的油样中也有发现。没有氢化环烷油显示有致突变活性。油样的PAF含量与总PAH含量密切相关（环烷油n = 15，r = 0.83；废旧/再生油n = 12，r = 0.91；两者p均<0.01）。没有再生油具有高PAF含量。11个样品的PAF含量高于CONCAWE（1988年）建议的任意危险阈值3%。在这11个样品中，大多数是酸处理产品，不过有1份氢化油和1份废旧再生油。在几乎一半PAF>3%的油样中未显示有致突变活性。在本研究中，诱变剂的存在与PAF、总PAH或诱变PAH均无相关性。强调了预测矿物油致突变性的困难。大多数环烷油和一些再生油显然含有在细菌诱变试验中抑制代谢系统的成分，从而可能导致假阴性结果。
