Heise L L, Elias C
Violence, Sexuality and Health Rights Program, Pacific Institute for Women's Health, Washington, DC 20036, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 1995 Apr;40(7):931-43. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(94)00165-p.
As currently conceived, the global AIDS prevention strategy consists primarily of three interrelated tactics: (1) encouraging people to reduce their number of sexual partners; (2) promoting the widespread use of condoms; and (3) treating concurrent STDs in populations at risk of HIV. This three-pronged attack, however, is inadequate for meeting the protection needs of many of the world's women. Disproportionately poor and with little power to negotiate the terms of sexual encounters, women often cannot avail themselves of these life-saving strategies. Women need both a new commitment to addressing the underlying inequities that heighten their risk, and new technologies that provide them with a means of HIV protection within their personal control. This article makes the case for restructuring AIDS prevention by describing the growing risk of HIV infection faced by women throughout the world, examining the serious limitations of the contemporary AIDS prevention strategy in meeting women's needs, and exploring how new approaches--including a shift toward a more 'community organizing' approach to AIDS prevention--could help women exert more control over their sexual and reproductive lives.
按照目前的设想，全球艾滋病预防策略主要由三个相互关联的策略组成：（1）鼓励人们减少性伴侣数量；（2）推广避孕套的广泛使用；（3）治疗艾滋病毒高危人群中的并发性病。然而，这种三管齐下的方法不足以满足世界上许多女性的保护需求。女性往往 disproportionately 贫穷，在协商性接触条件方面几乎没有权力，她们常常无法利用这些救命策略。女性既需要重新致力于解决加剧其风险的潜在不平等问题，也需要新技术，为她们提供一种在个人掌控范围内的艾滋病毒防护手段。本文通过描述世界各地女性面临的艾滋病毒感染风险不断增加的情况，审视当代艾滋病预防策略在满足女性需求方面的严重局限性，并探讨新的方法——包括转向更“社区组织”的艾滋病预防方法——如何能够帮助女性对自己的性和生殖生活施加更多控制，来论证调整艾滋病预防工作的必要性。 （注：disproportionately 此处可能有信息缺失，不太明确准确含义，暂按原样翻译）
