Stijkel A, Reijnders L
Utrecht University, Department of Science, Technology, and Society, The Netherlands.
Occup Environ Med. 1995 May;52(5):304-12. doi: 10.1136/oem.52.5.304.
The objectives were to describe and discuss the current and proposed European occupational health policy on two categories of substances that pose serious effects: those potentially carcinogenic or genotoxic and those with toxic effects on reproduction. The precautionary principle was applied to setting standards for the workplace for those two categories of substances, to give an impression of the resulting limit values and the consequences of the implementation of this precautionary principle. A pragmatic approach was chosen as this starts with substantial indications of health risks. For the suspected carcinogenic or genotoxic substances 0.1 mg/m3 as a precautionary occupational exposure limit (precautionary OEL) is proposed. For the substances suspected of causing reproductive toxicity the precautionary OEL was derived in three ways, depending on the availability of data and of a current Dutch workplace standard (MAC, maximum accepted concentration): (a) by calculation based on available inhalatory animal data on the risks of reproductive toxicity; (b) by adding a safety factor of 10 to the current MAC, if no inhalatory animal data on reproductive toxicity are available; (c) by using 0.1 mg/m3 as precautionary OEL for substances suspected of having reproductive toxicity but without inhalatory animal data on reproductive toxicity and without a MAC.
目标是描述和讨论欧洲当前及拟议的职业健康政策，该政策针对两类具有严重影响的物质：具有潜在致癌性或基因毒性的物质，以及对生殖系统有毒性作用的物质。预防原则被应用于为这两类物质设定工作场所标准，以展示由此产生的限值以及实施该预防原则的后果。之所以选择务实的方法，是因为它始于大量的健康风险迹象。对于疑似致癌或基因毒性物质，建议将0.1毫克/立方米作为预防性职业接触限值（预防性职业接触限值）。对于疑似导致生殖毒性的物质，预防性职业接触限值通过三种方式得出，具体取决于数据的可用性以及现行荷兰工作场所标准（MAC，最大允许浓度）：(a) 根据现有的吸入性动物生殖毒性风险数据进行计算；(b) 如果没有吸入性动物生殖毒性数据，则在现行MAC基础上增加10倍的安全系数；(c) 对于疑似具有生殖毒性但没有吸入性动物生殖毒性数据且没有MAC的物质，使用0.1毫克/立方米作为预防性职业接触限值。
