Vio F, Salazar G, Yañez M, Pollastri A, Aguirre E, Albala C
Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1995 Apr;49(4):267-73.
To assess the possible impact of smoking on body composition at the 34-39 weeks of pregnancy, and its consequences on birth weight.
31 smokers and 31 non-smokers matched by age, gestational age and percentage of standard weight (PSW). Smoking mothers had 5 cigarettes or more per day during the whole period of pregnancy and non-smoking mothers never smoked.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban Public Health Center. Anthropometry and the deuterium dilution technique were used to determine body composition. The statistical analysis used a t-test for matched pairs to assess significance of the means difference for each variable.
Suprailiac and subscapular skinfolds were found to be larger in non-smokers; this difference was significant for the suprailiac skinfold (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in total body fat, total body water and fat-free mass obtained with the deuterium dilution technique, or FFM determined by anthropometry. Infants' birth weight was similar in the two groups of mothers.
These findings suggest that pregnancy does not modify the pattern of body fat distribution already present in smokers before conception. Infants' birth weight was similar in both groups, probably due to no difference in fat-free mass and body fat. The physiological effect of nicotine (e.g. on prolactin, micronutrients), seems to be clearer during lactation and infant growth.
评估孕期34 - 39周时吸烟对身体成分的可能影响及其对出生体重的后果。
31名吸烟者和31名非吸烟者，根据年龄、孕周和标准体重百分比（PSW）进行匹配。吸烟母亲在整个孕期每天吸烟5支或更多，非吸烟母亲从不吸烟。
在一个城市公共卫生中心进行了一项横断面研究。采用人体测量学和氘稀释技术来确定身体成分。统计分析使用配对t检验来评估每个变量均值差异的显著性。
发现非吸烟者的髂上和肩胛下皮褶更大；髂上皮褶的这种差异具有显著性（P < 0.05）。用氘稀释技术测得的总体脂肪、总体水和去脂体重，或通过人体测量学确定的去脂体重，两组之间均未发现显著差异。两组母亲所生婴儿的出生体重相似。
这些发现表明，怀孕并未改变吸烟者在受孕前已有的身体脂肪分布模式。两组婴儿的出生体重相似，可能是由于去脂体重和身体脂肪没有差异。尼古丁的生理作用（如对催乳素、微量营养素的作用）在哺乳期和婴儿生长期间似乎更明显。
