Labayen Idoia, Moreno Luis A, Ruiz Jonatan R, González-Gross Marcela, Wärnberg Julia, Breidenassel Christina, Ortega Francisco B, Marcos Ascensión, Bueno Manuel
Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain.
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008 Jul;16(7):1680-6. doi: 10.1038/oby.2008.258. Epub 2008 May 8.
To assess the association between birth weight and body composition and fat distribution in adolescents, and to test the possible sex-specific effect in these relationships.
A total of 1,223 adolescents 13-18.5 years old (553 male adolescents and 670 female adolescents) born at >35 weeks, were selected from a cross-sectional multicenter study conducted in five Spanish cities in 2000-2002. BMI was calculated from weight and height. Triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness (ST) were measured on the left side, and fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were estimated according to the equations of Slaughter et al. Subscapular skinfold adjusted by tricipital (ST) and waist circumference were used as markers of central adiposity.
Birth weight Z-score was positively associated with FFM in female adolescents (P<0.001), but not in male adolescents, after controlling for age, pubertal stage, gestational age, socioeconomic status, physical activity, and current height (P<0.001 for interaction between adjusted birth weight Z-score and sex). Adjusted birth weight Z-score was inversely associated with central adiposity in male and female adolescents as measured by ST (P=0.026).
These results provide further evidence that gender has an important influence on the programming effect of birth weight on later FFM in adolescents because the effect was only observed in female adolescents. Our results suggest that small size for gestational age at birth could program more central subcutaneous fat deposition in adolescents of both sexes, but further research is needed on this issue.
评估青少年出生体重与身体成分及脂肪分布之间的关联，并检验这些关系中可能存在的性别特异性效应。
从2000年至2002年在西班牙五个城市进行的一项横断面多中心研究中，选取了1223名出生孕周>35周、年龄在13至18.5岁之间的青少年（553名男性青少年和670名女性青少年）。根据体重和身高计算体重指数（BMI）。在左侧测量肱三头肌和肩胛下皮褶厚度（ST），并根据斯劳特等人的公式估算脂肪量（FM）和去脂体重（FFM）。用肱三头肌皮褶厚度校正的肩胛下皮褶厚度（ST）和腰围作为中心性肥胖的指标。
在控制了年龄、青春期阶段、孕周、社会经济地位、身体活动和当前身高后，出生体重Z评分与女性青少年的FFM呈正相关（P<0.001），而与男性青少年无关（校正出生体重Z评分与性别之间的交互作用P<0.001）。以ST衡量，校正出生体重Z评分与男性和女性青少年的中心性肥胖呈负相关（P=0.026）。
这些结果进一步证明，性别对出生体重对青少年后期FFM的编程效应有重要影响，因为这种效应仅在女性青少年中观察到。我们的结果表明，出生时小于胎龄可能会使两性青少年的中心皮下脂肪沉积更多，但对此问题还需要进一步研究。
