Complications associated with diabetes include diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. The most important factor in preventing or delaying chronic complications associated with diabetes is blood glucose control, which is achieved through diet, insulin therapy, and self-monitoring. 2. The American Diabetes Association's Exchange System is useful for the motivated, well-educated patient, although its complexity can lead to noncompliance. The system assists in meal planning and permits flexible selection from a variety of foods, taking into account each food's total protein, fat, and carbohydrate content. 3. Adequate calories and nutrients must be provided, along with behavioral modifications and medical treatment, to achieve optimal health.
