Salleras L, Bruguera M, Vidal J, Plans P, Domínguez A, Navas E, Espuñes J, Taberner J L, Jiménez de Anta M T, Rodés J
Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Clínic i Provincial, Universidad de Barcelona.
Med Clin (Barc). 1994 Dec 3;103(19):721-4.
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in a population of pregnant women in Catalonia and the sociodemographic variables and risk factors associated to this prevalence.
A representative sample of the pregnant women in Catalonia (n = 4,551) randomly selected by clusters (hospitals with maternity clinics) was studied. Detection of antiHCV antibodies was performed by the third generation ELISA test. Reactive cases were confirmed with RIBA 3 and MATRIX.
The prevalence of antiHCV was found to be 1% and was not significantly associated with any of the sociodemographic variables studied (age, social and cultural level, origin and residence). A history of blood transfusion, intravenous drug consumption and hepatitis in the sexual partner were the only risk factors associated with the prevalence of infection found on univariate analysis although these were only present in 47% of the antiHCV positive cases detected. The association between the positivity of antiHCV and the history of hepatitis in the partner was lost on stratification of the cases according to the possible existence of history of drug addiction.
A high proportion of young asymptomatic people (1%) were found to have hepatitis C virus infection with the possible mode of infection not being detected in approximately half of these subjects. In the other half of these cases the infection was found to have been acquired by an intravenous mechanism: blood transfusion or drug use.
本研究旨在调查加泰罗尼亚地区孕妇群体中丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染的流行情况，以及与该流行情况相关的社会人口统计学变量和危险因素。
对通过整群抽样（设有产科诊所的医院）随机选取的加泰罗尼亚地区孕妇代表性样本（n = 4551）进行研究。采用第三代酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测抗HCV抗体。反应性病例通过重组免疫印迹分析（RIBA 3）和免疫荧光法（MATRIX）进行确认。
发现抗HCV的流行率为1%，且与所研究的任何社会人口统计学变量（年龄、社会和文化水平、出身和居住地）均无显著关联。输血史、静脉吸毒史以及性伴侣的肝炎史是单因素分析中与感染流行率相关的仅有的危险因素，不过这些因素仅在47%检测出抗HCV阳性的病例中出现。根据是否存在吸毒史对病例进行分层后，抗HCV阳性与性伴侣肝炎史之间的关联消失。
发现相当比例的年轻无症状者（1%）感染了丙型肝炎病毒，其中约一半人的可能感染途径未被检测到。在另一半病例中，发现感染是通过静脉途径获得的：输血或吸毒。
