Rössler W, Salize H J, Biechele U, Riecher-Rössler A
Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Mannheim.
Nervenarzt. 1994 Jul;65(7):427-37.
In most European countries several reform indicators point to a marked change in psychiatric care during the last three decades. Almost everywhere the size of psychiatric hospitals was reduced and the number of beds decreased. The development in the outpatient and complementary sector is less clear. Different European countries provide sheltered living accomodations, workshops and outpatient treatment to varying degrees. Comparably complex are financing and legal grounds of psychiatric treatment. Beside still existing institutional deficits, the negative attitude of the public toward mentally ill and psychiatric care is a serious obstacle for further implementation of community based psychiatric care.
在大多数欧洲国家，若干改革指标表明，过去三十年里精神科护理发生了显著变化。几乎在所有地方，精神病医院的规模都缩小了，病床数量也减少了。门诊及辅助部门的发展情况则不太明朗。不同的欧洲国家在提供庇护性居住场所、康复车间和门诊治疗方面程度各异。精神科治疗的融资和法律依据同样复杂。除了仍然存在的机构缺陷外，公众对精神疾病患者和精神科护理的负面态度是进一步实施社区精神科护理的严重障碍。
