Smith T, Bhatia K, Prasad M, Koki G, Alpers M
Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1994 Oct;95(2):155-68. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330950204.
Class I HLA gene frequencies show considerable variation over short geographical distances in Papua New Guinea. Hypothesis to account for this invoke natural selection, population structure, the pattern of population movement, or past demographic changes. To determine the role of the various factors in shaping this distribution, we have studied correlations between HLA-based genetic distances, geographical distances, altitude, and linguistic differences in Papua New Guinea. Linguistic differences at the family or stock level within the Trans-New Guinea Phylum generally correspond to genetic differences. However, on the basis of their HLA gene frequencies, speakers of Austronesian (AN) languages do not form a distinct group of populations. Linguistic variation and spatial autocorrelation do not fully account for the altitudinal cline differences noted in gene frequencies, particularly at the HLA-A locus. We propose that the distribution of HLA gene frequencies in Papua New Guinea is partially under the control of selection operating differentially along the altitude gradient.
在巴布亚新几内亚，I类人类白细胞抗原（HLA）基因频率在短距离地理范围内存在显著差异。对此现象的解释假说涉及自然选择、种群结构、人口迁移模式或过去的人口结构变化。为确定各种因素在形成这种分布中的作用，我们研究了巴布亚新几内亚基于HLA的遗传距离、地理距离、海拔和语言差异之间的相关性。跨新几内亚语系内家庭或语族层面的语言差异通常与遗传差异相对应。然而，基于其HLA基因频率，南岛语系（AN）语言使用者并未形成一个独特的种群群体。语言变异和空间自相关并不能完全解释基因频率中观察到的海拔梯度差异，特别是在HLA - A位点。我们认为，巴布亚新几内亚HLA基因频率的分布部分受沿着海拔梯度差异作用的选择控制。
