Beeman C S, Kronmiller J E
Department of Oral Health Practice, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington.
Arch Oral Biol. 1994 Sep;39(9):733-9. doi: 10.1016/0003-9969(94)90001-9.
Retinoids play an important part in embryonic pattern formation. They are necessary for normal differentiation of odontogenic tissues and, in excess, disrupt the pattern of tooth formation. Excess retinoids produce supernumerary buds of the dental lamina in the diastema region of the mouse embryonic mandible where teeth do not normally form. This effect is coincident with an increase in epithelial proliferation and an alteration in epidermal growth factor mRNA expression (a gene product necessary for tooth formation). It was found by high-performance liquid chromatography that endogenous retinoids are present in the developing murine mandible and that concentrations of some retinoids reach a peak at the time of the initiation of odontogenesis (dental lamina formation).
维甲酸在胚胎模式形成中起着重要作用。它们对于牙源性组织的正常分化是必需的，而过量时会扰乱牙齿形成模式。过量的维甲酸会在小鼠胚胎下颌骨的间隙区域产生额外的牙板芽，该区域通常不会形成牙齿。这种效应与上皮细胞增殖增加以及表皮生长因子mRNA表达的改变（牙齿形成所必需的一种基因产物）同时出现。通过高效液相色谱法发现，内源性维甲酸存在于发育中的小鼠下颌骨中，并且一些维甲酸的浓度在牙发生起始（牙板形成）时达到峰值。
