Buck M L
Department of Pharmacy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908.
Ann Pharmacother. 1994 Sep;28(9):1009-13. doi: 10.1177/106002809402800901.
To describe the use of parenteral ketorolac in a large population of children, focusing on dosing patterns, efficacy, and safety.
Observational, prospective study conducted over a four-month period.
A 122-bed children's medical center located within an academic medical center hospital.
Children receiving ketorolac during their hospitalization.
Indications for treatment, dose, dosing interval, use of a loading dose, length of therapy, efficacy (subjective response and use of concomitant therapy), and adverse effects (bleeding, gastrointestinal ulceration or vomiting, and renal dysfunction).
Of 112 children evaluated, 110 received ketorolac for analgesia, and 2 were given ketorolac as an antipyretic. The children ranged in age from 6 months to 19 years. Doses of 0.5 mg/kg q6h were used for most children (range 0.17-1.0). The average length of therapy was 3.4 days (range 1-12). The most frequent reason for discontinuing ketorolac therapy was a change to oral therapy. Therapy was discontinued because of a lack of efficacy in only 2 children. Adverse reactions were unusual, with only 2 patients having bleeding potentially associated with ketorolac use.
Ketorolac appears to be a safe and effective therapy for children when given in appropriate doses for a limited duration.
描述胃肠外使用酮咯酸在大量儿童中的应用情况，重点关注给药模式、疗效和安全性。
为期四个月的观察性前瞻性研究。
一家位于学术医疗中心医院内、拥有122张床位的儿童医疗中心。
住院期间接受酮咯酸治疗的儿童。
治疗指征、剂量、给药间隔、负荷剂量的使用、治疗时长、疗效（主观反应和联合治疗的使用情况）以及不良反应（出血、胃肠道溃疡或呕吐、肾功能不全）。
在评估的112名儿童中，110名接受酮咯酸用于镇痛，2名接受酮咯酸用于退热。儿童年龄范围为6个月至19岁。大多数儿童使用的剂量为0.5mg/kg q6h（范围为0.17 - 1.0）。平均治疗时长为3.4天（范围为1 - 12天）。停止酮咯酸治疗最常见的原因是改为口服治疗。仅2名儿童因疗效不佳而停止治疗。不良反应不常见，仅有2例患者出现可能与使用酮咯酸相关的出血。
酮咯酸在有限疗程内以适当剂量给药时，对儿童似乎是一种安全有效的治疗方法。
