Rodman D P, McKnight J T, Anderson R L
Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa.
Arch Fam Med. 1994 Nov;3(11):975-80. doi: 10.1001/archfami.3.11.975.
Oral cephalosporins are key antimicrobials in the family physician's therapeutic armamentarium. The list of available agents within this class has been recently expanded to include cefixime, cefprozil, cefpodoxime proxetil, and loracarbef. Each of these antibiotics has differing antimicrobial coverage patterns and approved therapeutic uses. Compared with older, more established antimicrobials such as penicillin, amoxicillin, cefaclor, a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium, and erythromycin, the newer cephalosporins offer little, if any, therapeutic advantage. Clinical efficacy has been shown to be equal in virtually all studies comparing the newer cephalosporins with traditional agents for various community-acquired infections. While the four newer agents may be given less often, they are relatively expensive. In light of the available clinical data, the newer oral cephalosporins should be reserved as second- or third-line choices.
口服头孢菌素是家庭医生治疗药物中的关键抗菌药物。这类药物的可用清单最近已扩大，包括头孢克肟、头孢丙烯、头孢泊肟酯和氯碳头孢。这些抗生素中的每一种都有不同的抗菌覆盖模式和批准的治疗用途。与较老的、更成熟的抗菌药物如青霉素、阿莫西林、头孢克洛、阿莫西林和克拉维酸钾组合以及红霉素相比，新型头孢菌素几乎没有治疗优势。在几乎所有比较新型头孢菌素与传统药物治疗各种社区获得性感染的研究中，临床疗效已被证明是相同的。虽然这四种新型药物的给药频率可能较低，但它们相对昂贵。根据现有的临床数据，新型口服头孢菌素应保留作为二线或三线选择。
