Halder R M, Bridgeman-Shah S
Department of Dermatology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC.
Cancer. 1995 Jan 15;75(2 Suppl):667-73. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19950115)75:2+<667::aid-cncr2820751409>3.0.co;2-i.
Skin cancer is the most common type of malignancy in the United States. Incidence within the African American population remains relatively low, but data is limited for this racial group, making accurate determination of incidence and mortality difficult. Factors implicated as causative in the pathogenesis of cutaneous malignancy in African Americans include, but are by no means limited to, sunlight, albinism, burn scars, X-rays, preexisting pigmented lesions, chronic inflammation, and chronic discoid lupus erythematosus. Anatomic distribution of lesions may be similar to that seen in whites for basal cell carcinoma but not for other skin cancers. For squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, African Americans do not as well in terms of mortality as do whites. This difference probably is due either to the fact that African Americans have more advanced stages of disease at diagnosis than do whites or, in some cases, because the course of the disease is more aggressive in African Americans for reasons yet unknown. There is a need for heightened awareness of skin cancer in African Americans by patients and physicians. Emphasis should be on education and early diagnosis with the primary goal in mind being the reduction of incidence of and mortality due to skin cancer in African Americans. In addition, because of environmental factors, African Americans will be exposed to more solar ultraviolet radiation in the future. Strategies should be developed for public education to keep this exposure to low levels in this racial group.
皮肤癌是美国最常见的恶性肿瘤类型。非裔美国人中的发病率相对较低，但针对该种族群体的数据有限，使得准确确定发病率和死亡率变得困难。非裔美国人皮肤恶性肿瘤发病机制中被认为是致病因素的包括但不限于阳光、白化病、烧伤疤痕、X射线、先前存在的色素沉着病变、慢性炎症和慢性盘状红斑狼疮。基底细胞癌病变的解剖分布可能与白人相似，但其他皮肤癌则不然。对于鳞状细胞癌、黑色素瘤和皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤，非裔美国人在死亡率方面不如白人。这种差异可能是由于非裔美国人在诊断时疾病分期比白人更晚，或者在某些情况下，是因为非裔美国人的疾病进程更具侵袭性，原因尚不清楚。患者和医生需要提高对非裔美国人皮肤癌的认识。应强调教育和早期诊断，主要目标是降低非裔美国人皮肤癌的发病率和死亡率。此外，由于环境因素，非裔美国人未来将接触更多的太阳紫外线辐射。应制定公共教育策略，使该种族群体的这种暴露保持在低水平。
