Kormi-Nouri R, Nyberg L, Nilsson L G
Department of Psychology, University of Umeå, Sweden.
Mem Cognit. 1994 Nov;22(6):723-8. doi: 10.3758/bf03209257.
The effect of retrieval enactment on memory for nouns (objects) or verbal phrases describing simple actions (e.g., "lift the box") was addressed in two experiments. In Experiment 1, the type of object involved in the actions was manipulated, with three different types of object being used (body parts, laboratory-related objects, and external objects). In Experiment 2, the integration between the verb-noun pairs was manipulated (well-integrated vs. poorly integrated). Results from both experiments showed that whereas encoding enactment (motor encoding and verbal test) substantially improved the memory performance compared with a verbal condition (verbal encoding and verbal test), retrieval enactment (verbal encoding and motor test) had no major impact on the number of recalled nouns or phrases. Moreover, there was no additional effect of dual enactment (motor encoding and motor test). The overall pattern of the results suggests that there is a fundamental difference between motor processing at encoding and motor processing at retrieval, and the lack of encoding specificity advantage for the motor modality contradicts the view that encoding enactment of verbal commands results in storage of motor representations.
两项实验探讨了检索执行对名词（物体）或描述简单动作（如“举起盒子”）的动词短语记忆的影响。在实验1中，对动作中涉及的物体类型进行了操控，使用了三种不同类型的物体（身体部位、实验室相关物体和外部物体）。在实验2中，对动词 - 名词对之间的整合进行了操控（整合良好与整合不佳）。两个实验的结果均表明，与言语条件（言语编码和言语测试）相比，编码执行（动作编码和言语测试）显著提高了记忆表现，而检索执行（言语编码和动作测试）对回忆出的名词或短语数量没有重大影响。此外，双重执行（动作编码和动作测试）没有额外效果。结果的总体模式表明，编码时的动作加工与检索时的动作加工之间存在根本差异，并且动作模态缺乏编码特异性优势，这与言语指令的编码执行会导致动作表征存储的观点相矛盾。
