Magdorf K, Arizzi-Rusche A F, Geiter L J, O'Brien R J, Wahn U
Abt. f. pädiatrische Pneumologie und Immunologie, Universitätskinderklinik, UKRV, Berlin.
Pneumologie. 1994 Oct;48(10):761-4.
Efficacy of preventive chemotherapy in tuberculosis-infected children depends to a great extend on medical compliance and drug tolerability. Two new short-course chemoprevention-regimes of tuberculosis--four months Rifampin (A) and two months Rifampin plus Pyrazinamide (B)--were compared with the well established regimen of six months Isoniacid (C). 150 children (mean age 3.6 years with Tb conversion) were randomly allocated to these three regimens. 13 patients were non-compliant, in terms of interview, urinary INH-test strips, urine colour and prescription frequency: 7 in group C and 3 in group A and B, respectively. Adverse effects were observed in 5 patients: 3 in group C and 1 in group A and B. 1 child (group B) developed tuberculosis two years after stopping short course chemoprevention. Good compliance (94%) as well as neglectable risks of adverse effects (2%) justify further controlled studies to evaluate the efficacy of short course chemoprevention in childhood.
预防性化疗对感染结核病儿童的疗效在很大程度上取决于医疗依从性和药物耐受性。将两种新的结核病短程化学预防方案——四个月利福平（方案A）和两个月利福平加吡嗪酰胺（方案B）——与已确立的六个月异烟肼方案（方案C）进行了比较。150名儿童（平均年龄3.6岁，结核菌素试验阳转）被随机分配到这三种方案中。根据访谈、尿中异烟肼检测试纸、尿液颜色和处方频率，有13名患者不依从：方案C组7名，方案A组和B组各3名。5名患者出现了不良反应：方案C组3名，方案A组和B组各1名。1名儿童（方案B组）在停止短程化学预防两年后患了结核病。良好的依从性（94%）以及可忽略不计的不良反应风险（2%）证明有必要进一步开展对照研究，以评估儿童短程化学预防的疗效。
