Mogg K, Bradley B P, Hallowell N
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, U.K.
Q J Exp Psychol A. 1994 Nov;47(4):841-64. doi: 10.1080/14640749408401099.
Attentional biases for threat stimuli were assessed in high and low trait anxious subjects (n = 66) using a probe detection task. To examine the effects of trait anxiety and situational stressors, each subject was tested three times: Under no stress, laboratory-induced stress, and examination-induced stress. To evaluate the role of awareness, half the word stimuli were presented very briefly (14 msec) and masked, and the other half were presented for 500 msec without a mask. Results showed that high trait anxious subjects under exam stress showed an attentional bias towards unmasked threat stimuli compared with low trait subjects. This effect was not found under lab-induced stress, suggesting that the attentional bias for unmasked threat in high trait subjects may be a function of a prolonged stressor, rather than a transient increase in state anxiety. The results from the masked exposure condition were not predicted; high trait anxious subjects shifted attention towards the spatial location of threat words despite lack of awareness of their lexical content, but this bias was only apparent in the no-stress condition. The results are discussed in relation to recent cognitive theories of anxiety.
采用探测任务对66名高特质焦虑和低特质焦虑受试者的威胁刺激注意偏向进行评估。为检验特质焦虑和情境应激源的影响，每位受试者接受三次测试：无应激、实验室诱发应激和考试诱发应激。为评估意识的作用，一半单词刺激呈现时间极短（14毫秒）并加以掩蔽，另一半则无掩蔽呈现500毫秒。结果显示，与低特质焦虑受试者相比，处于考试应激状态下的高特质焦虑受试者对未掩蔽的威胁刺激表现出注意偏向。在实验室诱发应激状态下未发现此效应，这表明高特质焦虑受试者对未掩蔽威胁的注意偏向可能是长期应激源的作用，而非状态焦虑的短暂增加。掩蔽暴露条件下的结果未得到预期；高特质焦虑受试者将注意力转向威胁词的空间位置，尽管对其词汇内容并无意识，但这种偏向仅在无应激条件下明显。结合近期焦虑认知理论对结果进行了讨论。
