Grossheinrich Nicola, Firk Christine, Schulte-Rüther Martin, von Leupoldt Andreas, Konrad Kerstin, Huestegge Lynn
Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
Neurophysiological Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2018 Dec 18;9:2577. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02577. eCollection 2018.
A negative mood-congruent attention bias has been consistently observed, for example, in clinical studies on major depression. This bias is assumed to be dysfunctional in that it supports maintaining a sad mood, whereas a potentially adaptive role has largely been neglected. Previous experiments involving sad mood induction techniques found a negative mood-congruent attention bias specifically for young individuals, explained by an adaptive need for information transfer in the service of mood regulation. In the present study we investigated the attentional bias in typically developing children (aged 6-12 years) when happy and sad moods were induced. Crucially, we manipulated the age (adult vs. child) of the displayed pairs of facial expressions depicting sadness, anger, fear and happiness. The results indicate that sad children indeed exhibited a mood specific attention bias toward sad facial expressions. Additionally, this bias was more pronounced for adult faces. Results are discussed in the context of an information gain which should be stronger when looking at adult faces due to their more expansive life experience. These findings bear implications for both research methods and future interventions.
例如，在关于重度抑郁症的临床研究中，一直观察到一种消极的情绪一致性注意偏向。这种偏向被认为是功能失调的，因为它有助于维持悲伤情绪，而其潜在的适应性作用在很大程度上被忽视了。先前涉及悲伤情绪诱导技术的实验发现，消极的情绪一致性注意偏向特别存在于年轻人中，这可以通过为情绪调节服务的信息传递的适应性需求来解释。在本研究中，我们调查了在诱导出快乐和悲伤情绪时，正常发育儿童（6至12岁）的注意偏向。至关重要的是，我们操纵了展示的描绘悲伤、愤怒、恐惧和快乐的面部表情对的年龄（成人与儿童）。结果表明，悲伤的儿童确实表现出对悲伤面部表情的情绪特异性注意偏向。此外，这种偏向在成人面孔上更为明显。在信息获取的背景下讨论了结果，由于成人面孔具有更广泛的生活经历，在看成人面孔时信息获取应该更强。这些发现对研究方法和未来干预都有启示。
