Burg J G, Knapp F W, Silapanuntakul S
Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546.
J Med Entomol. 1994 Nov;31(6):868-74. doi: 10.1093/jmedent/31.6.868.
A series of experiments was conducted to determine survival and reproductive potential of Haematobia irritans (L.) adults that were fed sodium citrated-bovine blood diluted with deionized water, 0.5 M glucose, or 0.15 M sodium chloride (NaCl), or supplemented with adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Reproductive potential, measured by total number of larvae produced per female during 10-d experimental periods, improved when adult H. irritans were fed blood diluted by < 22% with deionized water, NaCl, or glucose, whereas female survival improved when fed blood diluted with deionized water or NaCl (by approximately 25%). Male survival declined whenever blood meals were diluted. Larval production also improved when blood previously stored at -20 degrees C was diluted by approximately 21% with deionized water. Addition of ATP to blood stored at 3 degrees C did not improve larval production or female survival; however, ATP added to blood stored at -20 degrees C increased larval production and female survival. Male survival was not improved by addition of ATP to previously refrigerated or frozen blood. Blood meals were toxic to H. irritans when > or = 5 x 10(-2) M ATP was added to previously refrigerated or frozen blood. A colony of H. irritans was maintained for five generations by feeding adult flies on citrated bovine blood that had been stored at -20 degrees C, supplemented with 5 x 10(-3) M ATP, and diluted with deionized water. Flies were fed through a nylon-reinforced silicone membrane throughout this experimental period. Female survival and larval production were unaffected by the adult fly feeding regimen. Male survival was reduced during the F1, F2, and F3 generations; however, declines did not affect colony maintenance. Percentage pupation increased during the F2 and F3 generations and adult eclosion declined in the F3 and F4 generations, changes attributed to conditions of larvae rearing. Potential for colony population growth was estimated using F4 female survival and resulting larval production, pupation, and adult eclosion. An approximate of 24-fold increase in population size per generation could be realized by collecting all eggs produced by 6-12-d-old females.
进行了一系列实验，以确定以用去离子水、0.5 M葡萄糖或0.15 M氯化钠（NaCl）稀释的柠檬酸钠牛血为食，或添加三磷酸腺苷（ATP）的血红扇头蜱（Haematobia irritans (L.)）成虫的存活和繁殖潜力。通过在10天实验期内每只雌蜱产生的幼虫总数来衡量繁殖潜力，当血红扇头蜱成虫食用用去离子水、NaCl或葡萄糖稀释<22%的血液时，繁殖潜力提高，而当食用用去离子水或NaCl稀释的血液时（约25%），雌蜱存活率提高。无论何时血液被稀释，雄蜱存活率都会下降。当先前储存在-20℃的血液用去离子水稀释约21%时，幼虫产量也会提高。向储存在3℃的血液中添加ATP并不能提高幼虫产量或雌蜱存活率；然而，向储存在-20℃的血液中添加ATP可提高幼虫产量和雌蜱存活率。向先前冷藏或冷冻的血液中添加ATP并不能提高雄蜱存活率。当向先前冷藏或冷冻的血液中添加≥5×10⁻² M ATP时，血餐对血红扇头蜱有毒。通过让成年果蝇食用储存在-20℃、添加5×10⁻³ M ATP并用去离子水稀释的柠檬酸钠牛血，维持了一个血红扇头蜱种群五代。在整个实验期间，通过尼龙增强硅胶膜给果蝇喂食。雌蜱存活率和幼虫产量不受成年果蝇喂养方案的影响。在F1、F2和F3代期间，雄蜱存活率降低；然而，存活率下降并不影响种群维持。在F2和F3代期间，化蛹百分比增加，在F3和F4代期间，成虫羽化率下降，这些变化归因于幼虫饲养条件。使用F4代雌蜱存活率以及由此产生的幼虫产量、化蛹率和成虫羽化率来估计种群增长潜力。通过收集6至12日龄雌蜱产生的所有卵，每代种群数量可实现约24倍的增长。
