Jones S R, Kunz S E
Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA.
J Med Entomol. 1998 Sep;35(5):725-31. doi: 10.1093/jmedent/35.5.725.
Adult horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.), survival, mating success, and ovarian development were measured following exposure of pupae to 4 degrees C for 2, 3, and 4 wk, and were compared with an untreated control group held at 29 degrees C. Survival varied inversely with duration of low-temperature exposure, and ranged from 92.1% in the control to 7.0% following a 4-wk exposure. Mating success also varied inversely with duration of low-temperature exposure, and ovarian development was delayed, especially in the week 4 group. Reproductive and population parameters were measured in a 2nd cohort of horn flies following exposure of pupae to 1-4 wk at 4 degrees C, and in a control. Adult longevity varied inversely with duration of exposure. Mean longevity was greatest in the week 1 group at 17.6 d, followed by the control at 14.7 d. Week 4 flies lived an average of 2.2 d and produced no eggs. The preoviposition period was longest in the week 3 group at 7.3 d. In cohort 2, control and week 1 flies produced the highest number of eggs, eggs per female, and eggs per day compared with other groups. Eggs were produced over a mean of 6.8 d by week 3 flies compared with 25.4 d by week 1 flies. Reproductive rates varied inversely with low-temperature exposure duration, as did F1 generation egg hatch, larval development, and adult emergence. Survivorship and fecundity schedules are discussed with respect to the effects of low-temperature exposure duration. The effects of low-temperature exposure duration on horn fly reproduction and life-history patterns are discussed with respect to rearing, storage, and ecology.
将家蝇蛹暴露于4℃环境下2周、3周和4周后，测定成年厩螫蝇（Haematobia irritans (L.)）的存活率、交配成功率和卵巢发育情况，并与饲养在29℃的未处理对照组进行比较。存活率与低温暴露持续时间呈负相关，范围从对照组的92.1%到暴露4周后的7.0%。交配成功率也与低温暴露持续时间呈负相关，卵巢发育延迟，尤其是在暴露4周的组中。在第二组厩螫蝇中，将蛹暴露于4℃环境下1 - 4周后，测定其生殖和种群参数，并与对照组进行比较。成虫寿命与暴露持续时间呈负相关。第1周组的平均寿命最长，为17.6天，其次是对照组，为14.7天。第4周的苍蝇平均存活2.2天，未产卵。产卵前期在第3周组最长，为7.3天。在第二组中，与其他组相比，对照组和第1周组的苍蝇产卵量、每只雌蝇产卵数和每日产卵数最高。第3周的苍蝇平均在6.8天内产卵，而第1周的苍蝇为25.4天。生殖率与低温暴露持续时间呈负相关，F1代卵孵化、幼虫发育和成虫羽化情况也是如此。讨论了低温暴露持续时间对存活率和繁殖力时间表的影响。还从饲养、储存和生态学方面讨论了低温暴露持续时间对厩螫蝇繁殖和生活史模式的影响。
