Frey T K
Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta 30303.
Adv Virus Res. 1994;44:69-160. doi: 10.1016/s0065-3527(08)60328-0.
This chapter summarizes the present medical significance of rubella virus. Rubella virus infection is systemic in nature and the accompanying symptoms are generally benign, the most pronounced being a mild rash of short duration. The most common complication of rubella virus infection is transient joint involvement such as polyarthralgia and arthritis. The primary health impact of rubella virus is that it is a teratogenic agent. The vaccination strategy is aimed at elimination of rubella and includes both universal vaccination of infants at 15 months of age with the trivalent measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine and specific targeting with the rubella vaccine of seronegative women planning pregnancy and seronegative adults who could come in contact with women of childbearing age, although it is recommended that any individual over the age of 12 months without evidence of natural infection or vaccination be vaccinated. Medically, the current challenge posed by rubella virus is to achieve complete vaccination coverage to prevent resurgences.
本章总结了风疹病毒目前的医学意义。风疹病毒感染本质上是全身性的，伴随症状通常较为轻微，最明显的是持续时间较短的轻度皮疹。风疹病毒感染最常见的并发症是短暂的关节受累，如多关节痛和关节炎。风疹病毒对健康的主要影响在于它是一种致畸剂。疫苗接种策略旨在消除风疹，包括对15个月大的婴儿普遍接种麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹三联疫苗（MMR），以及针对计划怀孕的血清学阴性女性和可能接触育龄妇女的血清学阴性成年人进行风疹疫苗的针对性接种，不过建议任何12个月以上且无自然感染或疫苗接种证据的个体都应接种疫苗。在医学上，风疹病毒目前带来的挑战是实现完全的疫苗接种覆盖率以防止疫情复发。
