Kroon E, Andolf E
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
Obstet Gynecol. 1995 Feb;85(2):211-4. doi: 10.1016/0029-7844(94)00366-L.
To determine the malignancy rate in ultrasound-diagnosed, anechoic, small, simple ovarian cysts in postmenopausal women, and to investigate the natural history of these cysts by ultrasound follow-up.
Eighty-three postmenopausal women with small, completely anechoic, thin-walled ovarian cysts (less than 5 cm, mean of orthogonal diameters) were diagnosed at our ultrasound unit during the period 1983-1992. Forty-three underwent surgery; the remaining 40 were offered follow-up ultrasonography as part of the present study, and, of them, five died, two were unavailable because of intercurrent disease, and one moved abroad, leaving 32 to be included in our study.
There were no cases of ovarian cancer in the surgery group. In the nonsurgery (follow-up) group, the time since detection of the lesion ranged from 1-9 years. On follow-up ultrasonography, 12 of the 32 cysts had disappeared and only one had increased in size. According to histopathology records, no ovarian cancer was diagnosed in any of the seven cases in which the patient was not available for reexamination by ultrasound.
Nonpalpable ovarian cysts are commonly detected by ultrasound in asymptomatic women, but the risk of malignancy appears to be very low. We recommend ultrasound follow-up of stationary lesions and that surgery be confined to symptomatic cases or those in which there is a family history of ovarian, breast, or colon cancer.
确定超声诊断的绝经后妇女无回声、小的单纯性卵巢囊肿的恶性率，并通过超声随访研究这些囊肿的自然病程。
1983年至1992年期间，在我们的超声科诊断出83例绝经后妇女患有小的、完全无回声、薄壁的卵巢囊肿（直径小于5cm，平均正交直径）。43例接受了手术；其余40例作为本研究的一部分接受了随访超声检查，其中5例死亡，2例因并发疾病无法检查，1例移居国外，剩下32例纳入我们的研究。
手术组未发现卵巢癌病例。在非手术（随访）组中，自发现病变以来的时间为1至9年。随访超声检查显示，32个囊肿中有12个消失，只有1个囊肿增大。根据组织病理学记录，在7例无法进行超声复查的患者中，均未诊断出卵巢癌。
无症状女性中，超声检查常可发现不可触及的卵巢囊肿，但恶性风险似乎很低。我们建议对静止性病变进行超声随访，手术应限于有症状的病例或有卵巢癌、乳腺癌或结肠癌家族史的病例。
