zur Hausen H, de Villiers E M
Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany.
Annu Rev Microbiol. 1994;48:427-47. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.48.100194.002235.
During the past 17 years 73 genotypes of human pathogenic papillomaviruses (HPV) have been identified. Most of them are found in benign proliferations; however, several have been discovered in malignant tumors. Specifically, cancer of the cervix, other anogenital cancers, but also some cancers of the skin, the oral and nasal cavity, and the rare periungual carcinomas have been linked to specific HPV infections. The pathogenesis of cancer of the cervix has been particularly well studied. Specific viral genes (E6 and E7) of high risk HPVs (types 16, 18, and others) act as oncogenes. Their expression emerges as necessary but not sufficient factors for malignant conversion. Besides stimulating cell proliferation, they are responsible for the genetic instability of the infected cells. Their transcriptional and functional activity is regulated by host cell genes. Mutational modifications of the latter appear to be required for malignant progression.
在过去17年里，已鉴定出73种人类致病性乳头瘤病毒（HPV）基因型。其中大多数存在于良性增生中；然而，也有几种在恶性肿瘤中被发现。具体而言，宫颈癌、其他肛门生殖器癌，还有一些皮肤癌、口腔和鼻腔癌以及罕见的甲周癌都与特定的HPV感染有关。宫颈癌的发病机制已得到特别深入的研究。高危HPV（16型、18型等）的特定病毒基因（E6和E7）起着癌基因的作用。它们的表达是恶性转化的必要但非充分因素。除了刺激细胞增殖外，它们还导致受感染细胞的基因不稳定。它们的转录和功能活性受宿主细胞基因调控。后者的突变修饰似乎是恶性进展所必需的。
