Nikkonen M
J Transcult Nurs. 1994 Summer;6(1):12-7. doi: 10.1177/104365969400600103.
A shift from institutional to non-institutional caring systems took place in Finnish psychiatric care in the 1980s. This article describes the values related to caring and the changes that occurred during the time span of a decade in a ward that rehabilitates mental patients as non-institutional care in northern Finland. The changes in patient and staff values are examined by studying the changes in caring practices in the ward. The ethnonursing method developed by Leininger (1995, 1991) was used to examine the rehabilitation of psychiatric patients. Data were collected by interviewing twenty patients and eleven staff members. Results demonstrated that by the 1980s individualism was increasingly valued and personal freedom and self realization were more valued than hard work and solidarity. People's values shifted from universality to greater diversity. Transcultural nursing implications are discussed.
20世纪80年代，芬兰的精神科护理体系发生了从机构护理向非机构护理的转变。本文描述了与护理相关的价值观，以及在芬兰北部一个将精神疾病患者作为非机构护理进行康复治疗的病房中，十年间所发生的变化。通过研究病房护理实践的变化来考察患者和工作人员价值观的变化。采用莱宁格（1995年、1991年）提出的人种护理学方法来研究精神疾病患者的康复情况。通过对20名患者和11名工作人员进行访谈来收集数据。结果表明，到20世纪80年代，个人主义越来越受到重视，个人自由和自我实现比努力工作和团结更受重视。人们的价值观从普遍性转向了更大的多样性。文中还讨论了跨文化护理的意义。
