Burggren W W, Warburton S J
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas 89154.
Cardioscience. 1994 Sep;5(3):183-91.
Although most research on developmental cardiovascular physiology has focused on the bird embryo as a model for emulating developmental processes in mammals, there are increasingly compelling reasons to expand research to a variety of lower vertebrate systems. These reasons include circumventing inherent limitations of the avian embryo and identifying general vertebrate developmental patterns in the cardiovascular system. In this paper, we first review data from hemodynamic studies on amphibians and birds (and what little exists from fish and reptiles), to provide a background against which lower vertebrate development can be examined. We then describe non-mammalian, non-avian paradigms for studying developmental patterns of vertebrate hearts. Developmental spects of cardiovascular performance, especially heart rate, blood pressure and cardiac output and how they change with ontogeny, are described for several amphibians and a few reptiles, identifying, where possible, processes in common with birds and mammals. Finally, we indicate productive areas for future research with lower vertebrate cardiovascular systems, such as establishing "critical windows" for cardiovascular physiology during development, and determining the extent of developmental plasticity at the level of organ system physiology.
尽管大多数关于发育心血管生理学的研究都将鸟类胚胎作为模拟哺乳动物发育过程的模型，但越来越有令人信服的理由将研究扩展到各种低等脊椎动物系统。这些理由包括规避鸟类胚胎的固有局限性以及识别心血管系统中一般的脊椎动物发育模式。在本文中，我们首先回顾两栖动物和鸟类（以及鱼类和爬行动物现存的少量数据）的血液动力学研究数据，以提供一个可以据此研究低等脊椎动物发育的背景。然后我们描述用于研究脊椎动物心脏发育模式的非哺乳动物、非鸟类范例。描述了几种两栖动物和一些爬行动物心血管性能的发育方面，特别是心率、血压和心输出量以及它们如何随个体发育而变化，并在可能的情况下识别与鸟类和哺乳动物共有的过程。最后，我们指出了未来对低等脊椎动物心血管系统进行研究的有成效的领域，例如确定发育过程中心血管生理学的“关键窗口”，以及确定器官系统生理学水平上发育可塑性的程度。
