Radwin R G, Lin M L, Yen T Y
University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
Ergonomics. 1994 Dec;37(12):1984-98. doi: 10.1080/00140139408964962.
A quantitative exposure assessment strategy for physical stress associated with repetitive manual tasks is proposed using continuous biomechanical data measured directly from electrogoniometers or force sensors. This paper describes an efficient method for reducing large quantities of biomechanical data into a quantifiable metric that accounts for recognized musculoskeletal exposure factors, including repetitiveness, postural or forceful exertion stress, and duration. A frequency domain approach is used for averaging elemental data recorded for repetitive cycles. Parameters for frequency-weighted filters are developed using psychophysical data for equivalent discomfort levels resulting from repetitive movements of different amplitudes and frequencies. These filters enable continuous biomechanical data to be filtered and integrated, resulting in a single quantity corresponding to psychophysical response characteristics for repetitive motion stress. It is anticipated that a similar approach may be used for epidemiological response characteristics. Applications of this theory may make it possible for assessing exposure to physical stress in a manner analogous to the way in which sound level meters are used for measuring exposure to acoustic noise. Repetitive wrist flexion and localized discomfort was used for demonstrating the feasibility of this approach. Suitable data reduction techniques are necessary for evaluating work methods, job designs, and for conducting large scale detailed epidemiological investigations of cumulative trauma disorder risk factors. Frequency-weighted filters based on human response to physical stress at different frequencies can greatly simplify exposure analysis and ultimately may make it possible for quantitative exposure limits to be established.
本文提出了一种针对与重复性手工任务相关的身体应激的定量暴露评估策略，该策略使用直接从电子测角仪或力传感器测量得到的连续生物力学数据。本文描述了一种有效的方法，可将大量生物力学数据简化为一个可量化指标，该指标考虑了公认的肌肉骨骼暴露因素，包括重复性、姿势或用力应激以及持续时间。采用频域方法对重复周期记录的基本数据进行平均。利用不同幅度和频率的重复运动产生的等效不适水平的心理物理学数据，开发了频率加权滤波器的参数。这些滤波器能够对连续生物力学数据进行滤波和积分，从而得到一个与重复运动应激的心理物理学响应特征相对应的单一量值。预计类似的方法可用于流行病学响应特征分析。该理论的应用可能使以类似于声级计用于测量声噪声暴露的方式来评估身体应激暴露成为可能。通过重复性手腕弯曲和局部不适来证明该方法的可行性。合适的数据简化技术对于评估工作方法、工作设计以及对累积性创伤障碍风险因素进行大规模详细的流行病学调查是必要的。基于人体对不同频率身体应激反应的频率加权滤波器可极大地简化暴露分析，并最终可能使建立定量暴露限值成为可能。
