Hood D A, Balaban A, Connor M K, Craig E E, Nishio M L, Rezvani M, Takahashi M
Department of Physical Education, York University, Ontario.
Can J Appl Physiol. 1994 Mar;19(1):12-48. doi: 10.1139/h94-002.
Mitochondrial biogenesis (synthesis) has been observed to occur in skeletal muscle in response to chronic use. It also occurs in cardiac muscle during growth and hypertrophy, and it may be impaired during the aging process. This review summarizes the literature on the processes of mitochondrial biogenesis at the biochemical and molecular levels, with particular reference to striated muscles. Mitochondrial biogenesis involves the expression of nuclear and mitochondrial genes and the coordination of these two genomes, the synthesis of proteins and phospholipids and their import into the organelle, and the incorporation of these lipids and proteins into their appropriate locations within the matrix, inner or outer membranes. The emphasis is on the regulation of these events, with information derived in part from other cellular systems. Although descriptions of mitochondrial content changes in heart and skeletal muscle during altered physiological states are plentiful, much work is needed at the molecular level to investigate the regulatory processes involved. A knowledge of biochemical and molecular biology techniques is essential for continued progress in the field. This is a promising area, and potential new avenues for future research are suggested.
已观察到线粒体生物合成（合成作用）会在骨骼肌因长期使用而发生。在心脏肌肉生长和肥大期间也会发生，并且在衰老过程中可能会受损。本综述总结了在生化和分子水平上线粒体生物合成过程的相关文献，特别提及了横纹肌。线粒体生物合成涉及核基因和线粒体基因的表达以及这两个基因组的协调，蛋白质和磷脂的合成及其导入细胞器，以及将这些脂质和蛋白质整合到基质、内膜或外膜内的适当位置。重点是这些事件的调控，部分信息来自其他细胞系统。尽管在生理状态改变期间心脏和骨骼肌中线粒体含量变化的描述很多，但在分子水平上仍需要大量工作来研究其中涉及的调控过程。了解生化和分子生物学技术对于该领域的持续进展至关重要。这是一个有前景的领域，并提出了未来研究的潜在新途径。
