Sinclair W K
National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD 20814.
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1995 Jan 15;31(2):387-92. doi: 10.1016/0360-3016(94)00275-p.
The purpose of this paper is to review the role of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) and the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) in making recommendations on dose limits for ionizing radiation exposure for workers and for the public. The text describes the new limits for workers and public recommended by ICRP in 1991 and NCRP in 1993 and the composition of the radiation health detriment on which they are based. The main component of this detriment is the risk of radiation induced cancer which is now estimated to be about three times greater than a decade or so earlier. Uncertainties in these risk estimates are discussed. Some special radiation protection problems, such as those for the embryo or fetus are described. The article also addresses future progress in radiation protection particularly with regard to future improvements in the scientific basis for radiation protection recommendations.
本文旨在回顾美国国家辐射防护与测量委员会（NCRP）和国际放射防护委员会（ICRP）在就工人和公众的电离辐射暴露剂量限值提出建议方面所发挥的作用。本文描述了ICRP于1991年以及NCRP于1993年所推荐的针对工人和公众的新限值，以及这些限值所基于的辐射健康损害的构成。这种损害的主要成分是辐射诱发癌症的风险，现在估计这一风险比大约十年前要大三倍左右。文中讨论了这些风险估计中的不确定性。还描述了一些特殊的辐射防护问题，诸如针对胚胎或胎儿的辐射防护问题。本文还论述了辐射防护领域未来的进展，尤其是在辐射防护建议的科学依据方面未来的改进。
