Sinclair W K
Yale J Biol Med. 1981 Nov-Dec;54(6):471-84.
The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) in the USA and the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), worldwide, were formed about 1928 and have since made recommendations on appropriate levels of protection from ionizing radiation for workers and for the public. These recommendations and much of the guidance provided by these organizations have usually been adopted by regulatory bodies around the world. In the case of the NCRP, the levels have fallen from 0.1 roentgen per day in 1934 to the current 5 rem per year (a factor of about 5). The present levels recommended by both the ICRP and the NCRP correspond to reasonable levels of risk where the risks of harm from ionizing radiation are compared with the hazards of other, commonly regarded, as safe, industries. Some considerations for the future in radiation protection include trends in exposure levels (generally downward for the average exposure to workers) and improvements in risk estimation; questions of lifetime limits, de minimis levels, and partial body exposures; plus problems of high LET radiations, acceptability of risk, synergisms, and risk systems for protection.
美国国家辐射防护与测量委员会（NCRP）以及全球范围的国际放射防护委员会（ICRP）大约于1928年成立，自那时起便针对工人和公众免受电离辐射的适当防护水平提出了建议。这些建议以及这些组织提供的大部分指导意见通常都被世界各国的监管机构所采纳。就NCRP而言，防护水平已从1934年的每天0.1伦琴降至目前的每年5雷姆（约为原来的五分之一）。ICRP和NCRP目前推荐的水平对应着合理的风险水平，在这种水平下，将电离辐射造成伤害的风险与其他通常被视为安全的行业的危害进行了比较。辐射防护未来的一些考量因素包括照射水平的趋势（工人的平均照射量总体呈下降趋势）以及风险估计的改进；终身限值、豁免水平和局部身体照射的问题；此外还有高传能线密度辐射的问题、风险的可接受性、协同作用以及防护风险体系。
