Marcus B H, Simkin L R
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI 02906.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1994 Nov;26(11):1400-4.
The transtheoretical model has been used to understand the stages individuals progress through, and the cognitive and behavioral processes they use while changing health behaviors. The model postulates that individuals engaging in a new behavior move through the stages of Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, and Maintenance. Movement through these stages does not always occur in a linear manner, but may also be cyclical as many individuals must make several attempts at behavior change before their goals are realized. The amount of progress people make as a result of intervention tends to be a function of the stage they are in at the start of treatment. Instruments have been developed to measure the stages and processes of exercise adoption and maintenance and the related constructs of exercise specific self-efficacy and decision making. Psychometric data on these instruments are reviewed. Additionally, data collected on these measures from worksites in the U.S. and Australia are presented along with data from interventions aimed at increasing the adoption of physical activity among community volunteers and worksite employees. Applications of the transtheoretical model for the initiation, adoption, and maintenance of exercise behavior from clinical, community, and public health perspectives are discussed.
跨理论模型已被用于理解个体所经历的阶段，以及他们在改变健康行为时所采用的认知和行为过程。该模型假定，个体在参与新行为时会经历前 contemplation、 contemplation、准备、行动和维持等阶段。在这些阶段中的进展并不总是以线性方式发生，也可能是循环的，因为许多个体在实现目标之前必须多次尝试改变行为。人们因干预而取得的进展程度往往取决于他们在治疗开始时所处的阶段。已经开发出了一些工具来测量运动采用和维持的阶段及过程，以及运动特定自我效能感和决策制定等相关概念。对这些工具的心理测量数据进行了综述。此外，还展示了从美国和澳大利亚的工作场所收集到的关于这些测量指标的数据，以及来自旨在增加社区志愿者和工作场所员工体育活动采用率的干预措施的数据。从临床、社区和公共卫生角度讨论了跨理论模型在运动行为的启动、采用和维持方面的应用。
