Milleret C
Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l'Action, UMR 9950 Collège de France-CNRS, Paris.
Behav Brain Res. 1994 Oct 20;64(1-2):85-95. doi: 10.1016/0166-4328(94)90121-x.
Strabismus is a condition that exists when the visual axes of the two eyes fail to intersect at the fixation point under binocular viewing conditions. When it occurs in mammals during the critical period which corresponds to the period of maximal plasticity early in life, strabismus is known to induce both morphological anomalies and abnormal connections from the retina to the cortex; it further leads to binocular neural changes and to spatial vision deficits, especially at the cortical level. After a brief review of the already known data about the consequences of early strabismus in cats, monkeys and humans on the development of the visual system and of visual perception, new data are presented here concerning interhemispheric connections in the cat. In normally-reared kittens, visual callosal transfer is shown to be almost adult-like as soon as 12 days after birth: it is almost limited to the 17/18 border of the visual cortex when using visual stimulations in spite of the presence of still numerous juvenile exuberant callosal projections. In contrast, callosal transfer of visual information is extended to both areas 17 and 18 after strabismus, leading to the conclusion that at least some juvenile exuberant callosal projections are not only anatomically but also functionally stabilized after such an oculomotor disease. The possibility that similar abnormalities might be present in monkeys and humans is discussed.
斜视是一种在双眼注视条件下，两眼视轴未能在注视点相交的病症。当斜视在哺乳动物生命早期对应最大可塑性时期的关键期发生时，已知会引发形态学异常以及从视网膜到皮层的异常连接；还会进一步导致双眼神经变化和空间视觉缺陷，尤其是在皮层水平。在简要回顾了关于猫、猴和人类早期斜视对视觉系统发育和视觉感知影响的已知数据后，本文给出了关于猫半球间连接的新数据。在正常饲养的小猫中，出生仅12天后视觉胼胝体传递就几乎呈现出成年样态：尽管仍存在大量幼稚的、旺盛生长的胼胝体投射，但使用视觉刺激时，视觉胼胝体传递几乎局限于视觉皮层的17/18边界。相比之下，斜视后视觉信息的胼胝体传递扩展到了17区和18区，由此得出结论，至少一些幼稚的、旺盛生长的胼胝体投射在这种眼球运动疾病后不仅在解剖学上而且在功能上都得到了稳定。文中还讨论了猴和人类可能存在类似异常的可能性。
