Koivunen-Niemelä T, Viikari J, Niinikoski H, Simell O, Alanen A
Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Finland.
Acta Paediatr. 1994 Nov;83(11):1178-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb18277.x.
Patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) are at high risk for the development of coronary artery disease. Achilles tendon xanthomata are often the first clinical manifestation of FH, but are seldom palpable earlier than during the third decade. Twenty-one FH children aged 3-18 years underwent high-frequency ultrasound examination of the achilles tendon. Hypoechoic infiltration of the normal tendon structure was demonstrated in 8 of 21 (38%) of the FH children. The findings were similar in boys and girls. Control subjects (n = 68) aged 1-25 years had no sonographically detectable tendon abnormalities. The thickness of the achilles tendon of the FH children was (mean +/- SD) 7.1 +/- 1.5 mm (range 5-10 mm). The respective values for the controls were 5.8 +/- 1.0 mm (3-7 mm. We conclude that ultrasound examination sensitively detects cholesterol accumulation in the achilles tendon of FH children before tendon xanthomata are clinically evident.
杂合子家族性高胆固醇血症（FH）患者患冠状动脉疾病的风险很高。跟腱黄瘤通常是FH的首个临床表现，但很少在30岁之前就能摸到。21名3至18岁的FH儿童接受了跟腱高频超声检查。21名FH儿童中有8名（38%）显示正常肌腱结构出现低回声浸润。男孩和女孩的检查结果相似。68名1至25岁的对照受试者在超声检查中未发现肌腱异常。FH儿童跟腱的厚度为（均值±标准差）7.1±1.5毫米（范围5至10毫米）。对照组的相应数值为5.8±1.0毫米（3至7毫米）。我们得出结论，超声检查能够在跟腱黄瘤出现明显临床症状之前，灵敏地检测出FH儿童跟腱中的胆固醇积聚。
