Goldman-Rakic P S
Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1994 Fall;6(4):348-57. doi: 10.1176/jnp.6.4.348.
Recent advances in anatomical, behavioral, and physiological techniques have produced new information about the nature of prefrontal function, its cellular basis, and its anatomical underpinnings in nonhuman primates. These findings are changing our views of prefrontal function and providing insight into possible bases for human mental disorder. A major advance is the recognition that various prefrontal areas are engaged in holding information "on line" and updating past and current information on a moment-to-moment basis. Studies of animals and of cognitive function in normal, brain-injured, and schizophrenic subjects support the theory that a defect in working memory--the ability to guide behavior by representations--may be the fundamental impairment leading to schizophrenic thought disorder.
解剖学、行为学和生理学技术的最新进展，为非人类灵长类动物前额叶功能的本质、其细胞基础及其解剖学支撑提供了新信息。这些发现正在改变我们对前额叶功能的看法，并为人类精神障碍的可能成因提供了见解。一个重大进展是认识到，前额叶的各个区域参与“实时”保存信息，并时刻更新过去和当前的信息。对动物以及正常、脑损伤和精神分裂症患者的认知功能研究支持这样一种理论，即工作记忆（通过表象指导行为的能力）缺陷可能是导致精神分裂症思维障碍的根本损伤。
