Holman R B
Medical Research Council, London, UK.
Addiction. 1994 Nov;89(11):1435-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03740.x.
In both animals and man, stimulants such as the amphetamines and cocaine are reinforcing and thus motivate repeated drug-taking behaviour and leading to abuse. Although this class of drugs seems to act by different biological mechanisms in the central nervous system, it has been suggested that their action to increase dopaminergic neurotransmission is crucial to the reinforcing properties of these compounds. However, increasing evidence suggests that a number of other neurotransmitters/neuroregulators, possibly in conjunction with dopamine, are part of the complex neurochemical systems which underlies various aspects of stimulant abuse behaviours. Examples of possible influences of noradrenaline and corticosterone will be discussed.
在动物和人类中，诸如安非他明和可卡因之类的兴奋剂具有强化作用，从而促使人们反复出现吸毒行为并导致药物滥用。尽管这类药物似乎通过中枢神经系统中不同的生物学机制发挥作用，但有人提出，它们增加多巴胺能神经传递的作用对于这些化合物的强化特性至关重要。然而，越来越多的证据表明，许多其他神经递质/神经调节剂，可能与多巴胺一起，是构成兴奋剂滥用行为各个方面基础的复杂神经化学系统的一部分。将讨论去甲肾上腺素和皮质酮可能产生影响的例子。
