Kerr S, Jowett S
Department of Nursing Studies, University of Glasgow, UK.
Child Care Health Dev. 1994 Nov-Dec;20(6):379-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1994.tb00400.x.
This paper reviews the literature on sleep problems in pre-school children, aiming to raise awareness of the current knowledge in this field. The article begins with a discussion of the prevalence of sleep problems in young children. Disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep are by far the most common type of sleep problem in this age group, and are therefore the focus of this review. The effects of sleep disturbance are examined, focusing on how parents often feel desperate and in need of support outside the family. The causes of sleep problems are considered and the complexity in identifying causal factors is highlighted. The article continues with an exploration of the treatment of sleep problems, suggesting that much of the advice given to parents is contradictory. The literature demonstrates that the use of medication is common, but it appears that this method of treatment is of limited benefit. It seems that behaviour modification or a psychodynamic approach may be much more successful, and the use of self-help manuals/booklets has been shown to be useful by some authors. Finally, preventative strategies are discussed highlighting the need for further research in this area.
本文回顾了有关学龄前儿童睡眠问题的文献，旨在提高对该领域现有知识的认识。文章开篇讨论了幼儿睡眠问题的普遍性。入睡和维持睡眠障碍是该年龄组中迄今为止最常见的睡眠问题类型，因此也是本综述的重点。研究了睡眠障碍的影响，重点关注父母如何常常感到绝望且需要家庭以外的支持。探讨了睡眠问题的成因，并强调了确定因果因素的复杂性。文章接着探讨了睡眠问题的治疗方法，指出给父母的许多建议相互矛盾。文献表明药物治疗很常见，但这种治疗方法似乎益处有限。行为矫正或心理动力学方法可能更成功，一些作者已证明使用自助手册/小册子是有用的。最后，讨论了预防策略，强调了该领域进一步研究的必要性。
