Bornstein R F
Department of Psychology, Gettysburg College, Pennsylvania 17325.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1995 Feb;183(2):64-77. doi: 10.1097/00005053-199502000-00002.
Although dependency has long been associated with passivity, weakness, and submissiveness, a review of the empirical literature reveals that, in certain situations and settings, dependent persons actually exhibit a variety of active, assertive behaviors. In this article, I: a) trace the historical roots of the dependency-passivity link; b) review empirical studies from developmental, social, and clinical psychology which indicate that, in certain circumstances, dependency is associated with active, assertive behavior on the part of the dependent person; c) offer an alternative conceptual model of dependency that accounts for the entire range of behaviors-both passive and active-that are exhibited by the dependent person; and d) discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of this alternative conceptual model of dependency.
尽管长期以来，依赖一直与被动、软弱和顺从联系在一起，但对实证文献的回顾表明，在某些情况和环境中，依赖者实际上会表现出各种积极、坚定的行为。在本文中，我将：a）追溯依赖与被动性联系的历史根源；b）回顾发展心理学、社会心理学和临床心理学的实证研究，这些研究表明，在某些情况下，依赖与依赖者的积极、坚定行为有关；c）提供一种依赖的替代概念模型，该模型解释了依赖者表现出的被动和积极行为的全部范围；d）讨论这种依赖替代概念模型的诊断和治疗意义。
