Bornstein R F, Riggs J M, Hill E L, Calabrese C
Department of Psychology, Gettysburg College, PA 17325, USA.
J Pers. 1996 Sep;64(3):637-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1996.tb00525.x.
Although dependency in adults is inextricably linked with passivity and submissiveness in the minds of many theoreticians, clinicians, and researchers, evidence has accumulated which suggests that in certain situations, dependency is actually associated with high levels of activity and assertiveness. Three experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that when a dependent person is concerned primarily with getting along with a peer, he or she will "self-denigrate" (i.e., will utilize strategies that ensure that a peer will be evaluated more positively than he or she is on a laboratory task), but when a dependent person is concerned primarily with pleasing an authority figure, he or she will "self-promote" (i.e., will adopt strategies that increase the likelihood that he or she will be evaluated more positively than a peer on a laboratory task). This hypothesis was supported in all three experiments. Theoretical implications of these findings are discussed, and an interactionist model of interpersonal dependency is briefly described.
尽管在许多理论学家、临床医生和研究人员的观念中，成年人的依赖与被动和顺从有着千丝万缕的联系，但越来越多的证据表明，在某些情况下，依赖实际上与高度的主动性和坚定自信有关。进行了三项实验来检验这一假设：当一个依赖型的人主要关注与同伴和睦相处时，他或她会“自我贬低”（即会采用确保同伴在实验室任务中的评价比自己更积极的策略），但当一个依赖型的人主要关注取悦权威人物时，他或她会“自我提升”（即会采用增加自己在实验室任务中的评价比同伴更积极的可能性的策略）。这一假设在所有三项实验中都得到了支持。讨论了这些发现的理论意义，并简要描述了人际依赖的互动主义模型。
