Valdés L J
SMP Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48107-7705.
J Psychoactive Drugs. 1994 Jul-Sep;26(3):277-83. doi: 10.1080/02791072.1994.10472441.
Salvia divinorum is a vision-inducing mint used by the Mazatec people of Oaxaca, Mexico. It is grown in California and other parts of the United States where it is employed as a legal hallucinogen. Traditional opinion has been that the plant has mild psychotropic activity, at best. However, when ingested in the correct manner, it is quite powerful. The fresh leaves are chewed as a quid and kept in the mouth. They may also be eaten raw or prepared as an aqueous infusion. When dried, they are smoked in the manner of marijuana. The neoclerodane diterpene, salvinorin A (also known as divinorin A), has been demonstrated in animals and humans to be its major active ingredient. Essentially inactive if taken orally, the compound is effective in doses of 200 to 500 mcg when smoked in a manner similar to cocaine free base. This makes salvinorin A the first documented diterpene hallucinogen and the most potent naturally occurring hallucinogen thus far isolated. This is somewhat remarkable, since the compound is not an alkaloid. This article reviews the use of S. divinorum and its chemistry. In addition, it discusses the effects of the plant and salvinorin A in animals and humans, as well as their potential to become drugs of abuse.
鼠尾草是墨西哥瓦哈卡州马萨特克人使用的一种致幻薄荷。它生长于加利福尼亚州和美国其他地区，在那里它被用作合法的致幻剂。传统观点一直认为，这种植物至多只有轻微的精神活性。然而，以正确方式摄入时，它的效力相当强大。新鲜叶子被当作咀嚼物咀嚼并含在口中。它们也可以生吃或制成水剂。干燥后，它们会像大麻一样被吸食。新克罗烷二萜类化合物——鼠尾草酸（也称为二乙烯诺林A），已在动物和人类身上被证明是其主要活性成分。该化合物口服时基本无活性，以类似游离可卡因的方式吸食时，剂量为200至500微克时有效。这使得鼠尾草酸成为第一种有记录的二萜类致幻剂，也是迄今为止分离出的最有效的天然致幻剂。这有点不同寻常，因为该化合物不是生物碱。本文综述了鼠尾草的用途及其化学性质。此外，还讨论了该植物和鼠尾草酸对动物和人类的影响，以及它们成为滥用药物的可能性。
