Effects of modafinil-induced wakefulness on glutamine synthetase regulation in the rat brain.

Changes in the level of glutamine synthetase (GS), an enzyme chiefly found in glial cells, were investigated in the brains of rats treated with modafinil, an awakening drug interfering with central catecholamine function. Two hours (waking period) and 7 h (recovery period) after intra-peritoneal injection of 128 mg/kg modafinil, a significant increase in the level of GS protein was observed by immunotitration in both the locus coeruleus (+30%) and in the frontoparietal cortex (+50%). No changes were observed with 64 mg/kg of modafinil. GS mRNA was quantified in the entire cortex by Northern blot hybridization using an oligonucleotidic GS cDNA probe. A significant increase in the GS-mRNA level (+70%) was observed in the CX of rats 2 h after injection of 128 mg/kg modafinil; the level tended to return to control values 7 h later during the recovery period. The level of glial acid fibrillary protein (GFAP), an astroglial marker, was unchanged after modafinil treatment. These changes in GS levels after modafinil treatment are discussed in terms of neuron-glia interactions in the regulation of brain metabolism during pharmacologically induced wakefulness, excluding possible stress effects.