Lischer C, Ossent P
Veterinär-Chirurgischen Klinik, Universität Zürich.
Tierarztl Prax. 1994 Oct;22(5):424-32.
Worldwide afflictions of the claws belong to the economically important diseases in dairy cattle. The significance of laminitis has gained importance in the last years since the condition is regarded as the most important predisposing factor for the development of lesions such as sole ulcer, white line disease and heel horn erosion. Apart from the clinical stages (acute, subacute, chronic, chronic-recurrent) there is also a subclinical form of laminitis which does not cause lameness. It is characterized by soft yellowish sole and heel horn with haemorrhages in the sole and along the white line. Laminitis is a multifactorial event in which nutrition, genetic disposition and the perinatal period, combined with the associated diseases of high-yielding cows, have a particular significance. Currently, two principally different hypotheses on the pathogenesis are discussed. The generally accepted theory bases on a disturbance in the microcirculation of the corium. According to the other theory the circulatory disturbances are secondary to changes which occur in the horn producing cells of the stratum basale of the epidermis. The predisposing factors and the pathogenesis of laminitis are discussed in the light of possible therapeutic and prophylactic measures.
蹄部疾病是奶牛养殖中具有重要经济意义的全球性疾病。近年来，蹄叶炎的重要性日益凸显，因为它被视为引发诸如蹄底溃疡、白线病和蹄跟角质侵蚀等病变的最重要诱发因素。除了临床阶段（急性、亚急性、慢性、慢性复发性）外，还有一种亚临床型蹄叶炎，不会导致跛行。其特征为蹄底和蹄跟角质呈软黄色，伴有蹄底及沿白线的出血。蹄叶炎是一个多因素事件，其中营养、遗传因素和围产期，再加上高产奶牛的相关疾病，具有特别重要的意义。目前，关于发病机制主要有两种不同的假说在讨论。普遍接受的理论基于真皮微循环的紊乱。根据另一种理论，循环障碍是表皮基底层角蛋白生成细胞发生变化的继发结果。本文将结合可能的治疗和预防措施，探讨蹄叶炎的诱发因素和发病机制。
