Vermunt J J, Greenough P R
Department of Veterinary Anesthesiology, Radiology and Surgery, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
Br Vet J. 1994 Mar-Apr;150(2):151-64. doi: 10.1016/S0007-1935(05)80223-4.
Laminitis is regarded as a major predisposing factor in lameness caused by claw disorders. Despite intensive study, both by experiment and by clinical observation, knowledge of the precise aetiology and pathogenesis of bovine laminitis is still incomplete. It is often hypothesized that changes in the micro-circulation of the corum (dermis) of the bovine claw contribute significantly to the development of laminitis; arteriovenous anastomoses (AVAs) playing a crucial role. Many factors have been implicated as contributing causes of laminitis in cattle; the disease has a multifactorial aetiology. The cause of laminitis should be considered as a combination of predisposing factors leading to vascular (AVAs in particular) reactivity and inhibition of normal horn synthesis. Nutrition, disease, management and behaviour appear to be closely involved in the pathogenesis of bovine laminitis. The major factors predisposing to laminitis in cattle, as reported or suggested in the literature, are reviewed, including systemic disease, nutrition (barley grain, protein, carbohydrate and fibre), management (housing, bedding and exercise), calving, season, age, growth, genetics, conformation and behaviour.
蹄叶炎被认为是由蹄部疾病引起跛行的主要诱发因素。尽管通过实验和临床观察进行了深入研究，但关于牛蹄叶炎的确切病因和发病机制的认识仍然不完整。人们常常假设，牛蹄真皮层微循环的变化对蹄叶炎的发展有重大影响；动静脉吻合支（AVAs）起着关键作用。许多因素被认为是牛蹄叶炎的促成原因；该疾病具有多因素病因。蹄叶炎的病因应被视为导致血管（特别是AVAs）反应性和抑制正常角质合成的诱发因素的组合。营养、疾病、管理和行为似乎与牛蹄叶炎的发病机制密切相关。本文综述了文献中报道或提出的牛蹄叶炎的主要诱发因素，包括全身性疾病、营养（大麦谷物、蛋白质、碳水化合物和纤维）、管理（饲养、垫料和运动）、产犊、季节、年龄、生长、遗传、体型和行为。
