Baker D G, Bryant J D, Urban J F, Lunney J K
Zoonotic Diseases Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 1994 Oct;43(1-3):127-33. doi: 10.1016/0165-2427(94)90128-7.
Swine parasitism exerts a significant economic impact worldwide. In the United States, the greatest losses are due directly or indirectly to the costs of zoonotic parasitisms. Three of the six most common foodborne parasitic diseases of humans in the United States are associated with pork consumption. These include toxoplasmosis, taeniasis or cysticercosis (caused by the pork tapeworm Taenia solium), and trichinellosis. Toxoplasmosis is of particular concern because of the fulminating disease that occurs in immunocompromised people. Generalizations and extrapolations of information derived from rodent and human studies, to swine parasitisms, are complicated by immunological differences between the hosts, and by the diverse biological characteristics of internal and external parasites studied. Swine studies thus far reported have demonstrated that protective immunity to helminth infection involves both cellular and humoral mechanisms, with antibodies and antibody-mediated responses playing important roles in preventing establishment of newly acquired larvae. Protection against protozoan parasites is primarily by cell-mediated strategies, whereas protective immunity to arthropod infestation is primarily through humoral mechanisms, principally those associated with type 1 hypersensitivity.
猪寄生虫病在全球范围内造成了重大的经济影响。在美国，最大的损失直接或间接归因于人畜共患寄生虫病的成本。在美国，六种最常见的食源性人类寄生虫病中有三种与食用猪肉有关。这些疾病包括弓形虫病、绦虫病或囊尾蚴病（由猪肉绦虫猪带绦虫引起）以及旋毛虫病。弓形虫病尤其令人担忧，因为免疫功能低下的人会患上暴发性疾病。由于宿主之间的免疫差异以及所研究的体内外寄生虫的不同生物学特性，将从啮齿动物和人类研究中获得的信息推广和外推到猪寄生虫病上变得复杂。迄今为止报道的猪研究表明，对蠕虫感染的保护性免疫涉及细胞和体液机制，抗体和抗体介导的反应在防止新感染幼虫的定殖中发挥重要作用。针对原生动物寄生虫的保护主要通过细胞介导的策略，而对节肢动物感染的保护性免疫主要通过体液机制，主要是与1型超敏反应相关的机制。
